Enderun: Palace Education, Chambers and Routes into Ottoman Service
Explore Enderun’s chamber functions and institutional changes without turning a changing palace system into seven fixed school grades.
Sultan Abdülmecid I: Tanzimat, War, Borrowing and Dolmabahçe
Explore Abdülmecid I’s 1839–1861 reign through separate reform, war, finance and palace events, including the difference between the 1839 and 1856 edicts.
